PICO Analysis of Dementia, Delirium, and Depression

Literature Review Matrix Student: Professor: Course title: Date: Step 1: Frame your clinical question using the PICO method. P: men and women with dementia I: non-pharmacological intervention such as music, physical activities and exercises C: usual care comprising pharmacological intervention O: reduce aggression and agitation PICO Question: in men and women with dementia (P), is the use of non-pharmacological intervention such as music, physical activities and exercises (I) compared with the usual care comprising pharmacological intervention (C) more effective in reducing aggression and agitation? (O). Part II: Search Strategy Electronic DatabasesResearch or Professional OrganizationsExperts in the Field to ConsultBooks, Encyclopedias, HandbooksPsycINFOAgency for Healthcare Research and QualityClaudia Cooper Finkel, S. (2011). Introduction to behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Albany, NY: Penguin PublishersCochrane and CINAHLCornelius KatonaHersch, E. C., & Falzgraf, S. (2014). Management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Cleveland, OH: Sage Publishers.PubMed/Medline and EmbaseGianluca BaioKar, N. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and their management. Boca Raton, FL: Prentice Hall.System of Information on Grey LiteraturePatricia MelloBritish Nursing IndexPatricia Buchain EbscoHost and ProquestFlorindo StellaStep 1: Identify the resources you will utilize, or utilized, to find articles that pertain to your topic.  Step 2: Identify search terms and criteria. Keywords and Phrases Major AuthorsInclusion CriteriaExclusion CriteriaDementia non-pharmacological intervention, Dallas SeitzPaper written in the English languagePaper written in Portuguese, Spanish or other language other than EnglishDementia symptom reduction Sarah Brisbin Paper has appropriate description of the design of the research studyNo appropriate description of the design of the research studyDementia music therapy Laura GitlinMeta-analysis, systematic reviews, prospective cohort studies, non-randomized controlled trials, and randomized controlled trialsEditorial letters and case reportsDementia re-orientation therapy Helen Kales Published in a peer-reviewed journal Not published in a peer-reviewed journalDementia physical activity Gill LivingstonPublished from 2011-2016Older than 5 yearsDementia exercise therapy Stephen MorrisIntervention that seeks to reduce or prevent aggression or agitation linked to dementiaIntervention does not seek to reduce or prevent aggression or agitation linked to dementiaDementia reduce agitationAlexandra Martini de Oliveira Dementia and dancing therapyMarcia RadanovicDementia reduce aggressionConstantine Lyketsos Step 3: Identify Boolean search strings. AND, OR, NOT Part III: Analysis of Literature Step 1: Summarize the five articles you select from your search efforts in the table below Summary Table of Analyzed Articles CitationConceptual Framework/ TheoryMain FindingResearch MethodStrengths of StudyWeaknessesLevel of EvidenceBrodaty, H., & Arasaratnam, C. (2012). Meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. NCBI. Not specified by the authors in the articleAccording to the research, the results were that the non-pharmacological interventions proved to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of dementia that include both the behavioral and psychological symptoms.Meta-analysisThe research design used is appropriate and is described clearly. Extensive analysis of existing literature was done since the research included the analysis of over 1, 665 articles of literature. The studies were rated based upon the evidence and the hierarchy that precipitated the intervention research.The study extensively explored how non-pharmacological measures might be utilized in trying to alleviate the symptoms of patients with dementia. The study did not analyze the effects of delaying the use of drugs to control the disease and what this portends to the survivability of the patients.HighGitlin, L. N., Kales, H. C., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2012). Managing behavioural symptoms in dementia using nonpharmacological approaches: An overview. JAMA, 308(19): 2020-2029Not specified by the authors in the articleA mixture of various non-pharmacological strategies was effective in managing the patient’s sleep disturbance without the use of medications. Key to a non-pharmacological intervention is to educate caregivers in ways of effectively preventing and managing the behavioral symptoms. Given that non-pharmacologic strategies bring about high caregiver and patient satisfaction levels, improvements in the quality of life, as well as decreased behavioral symptoms with negligible adverse reaction and risk, they need to be part of standard care to patients with dementia.Nonrandomized controlled trialThe research design used is appropriate and is described clearly. Provides evidence for the efficacy of targeted and generalized nonpharmacologic treatments.The sample of the study is less than 5, which is very small. This negatively affects the generaliza...