Nurses’ Perceptions and Barriers for Evidence Based Practice

Evidence level and quality rating:


Article title: Nurses’ Perceptions and Barriers for Adoption of Evidence Based Practice in Primary Care: Bridging the Gap

Number: 2

Author(s): Mohsen M.Magda, Safaan Nahla Ashour and Okby M. Omayma

Publication date: 2016

Journal: American Journal of Nursing Research

Setting: Faculty of nursing and maternalan child health centres

Sample (composition and size): A sample of 200 consisting of 120 clinical nurse specialist 80 academic educators was used

Does this evidence address my EBP question?
1341755825500Yes
13417551587500No-Do not proceed with appraisal of this evidence

Is this study:
9652012255500QuaNtitative (collection, analysis, and reporting of numerical data)Measurable data (how many; how much; or how often) used to formulate facts, uncover patterns in research, and generalize results from a larger sample population; provides observed effects of a program, problem, or condition, measured precisely, rather than through researcher interpretation of data. Common methods are surveys, face-to-face structured interviews, observations, and reviews of records or documents. Statistical tests are used in data analysis.
402590254000Go to Section I: QuaNtitative
965202286000QuaLitative (collection, analysis, and reporting of narrative data) Rich narrative documents are used for uncovering themes; describes a problem or condition from the point of view of those experiencing it. Common methods are focus groups, individual interviews (unstructured or semi structured), and participation/observations. Sample sizes are small and are determined when data saturation is achieved. Data saturation is reached when the researcher identifies that no new themes emerge and redundancy is occurring. Synthesis is used in data analysis. Often a starting point for studies when little research exists; may use results to design empirical studies. The researcher describes, analyzes, and interprets reports, descriptions, and observations from participants.
395605127000Go to Section II: QuaLitative
927101524000Mixed methods (results reported both numerically and narratively) Both quaNtitative and quaLitative methods are used in the study design. Using both approaches, in combination, provides a better understanding of research problems than using either approach alone. Sample sizes vary based on methods used. Data collection involves collecting and analyzing both quaNtitative and quaLitative data in a single study or series of studies. Interpretation is continual and can influence stages in the research process.
402590-190500Go to Section III: Mixed Methods

Section I: QuaNtitative

Level of Evidence (Study Design)

3175-45720A00AIs this a report of a single research study?

* Yes

* NoGo to B

1. Was there manipulation of an independent variable?

* Yes

* No

2. Was there a control group?

* Yes

* No

3. Were study participants randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups?

* Yes

* No

If Yes to questions 1, 2, and 3, this is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or experimental study.

LEVEL I

If Yes to questions 1 and 2 and No to question 3 or Yes to question 1 and No to questions 2 and 3, this is quasi-experimental.(Some degree of investigator control, some manipulation of an independent variable, lacks random assignment to groups, and may have a control group).

LEVEL II

If No to questions 1, 2, and 3, this is nonexperimental.(No manipulation of independent variable; can be descriptive, comparative, or correlational; often uses secondary data).

LEVEL III

Study Findings That Help Answer the EBP Question
This study by Mohsen et al. (2016) used descriptive design to gather data related to bridging the primary care gap. It assessed the beliefs and attitudes of nurses towards EBP, perception and ability to undertake different EB activities, and the barriers to EB.

Skip to the Appraisal of QuaNtitative Research Studies section

Section I: QuaNtitative (continued)

Is this a summary of multiple sources of research evidence?

* YesContinue

* NoUse Appendix F

1. Does it employ a comprehensive search strategy and rigorous appraisal method?
If this study includes research, nonresearch, and experiential evidence, it is an integrative review (see Appendix F).

* YesContinue

* NoUse Appendix F

111508-1495126B00B2. For systematic reviews and systematic reviews with meta-analysis(see descriptions below):

* Are all studies included RCTs?

LEVEL I

* Are the studies a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental, or quasi-experimental only?

LEVEL II

* Are the studies a combination of RCTs, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental, or non- experimental only?

LEVEL III

A systematic review employs a search strategy and a rigorous appraisal method, but does not generate an effect size.
A meta-analysis, or systematic review with meta-analysis, combines and analyzes results from studies to generate a new statistic: the effect size.

Study Findings That Help Answer the EBP Question
This study employs a search strategy to generate real data that is analyzed and used to draw conclusions

Skip to the Appraisal of Systematic Review (With or Without a Meta-Analysis) section

Appraisal of QuaNtitative Research Studies

Does the researcher identify what is known and not known about the problem and how the study will address any gaps in knowledge?

* Yes

* No


Was the purpose of the study clearly presented?

* Yes

* No


Was the literature review current (most sources within the past five years or a seminal study)?

* Yes

No


Was sample size sufficient based on study design and rationale?

Yes

No


If there is a control group:
* Were the characteristics and/or demographics similar in both the control and intervention groups?

Yes

No

N/A

* If multiple settings were used, were the settings similar?

Yes

No

N/A

* Were all groups equally treated except for the intervention group(s)?

Yes

No

N/A

Are data collection methods described clearly?

Yes

No


Were the instruments reliable (Cronbach’s [alpha] > 0.70)?

Yes

No

N/A

Was instrument validity discussed?

Yes

No

N/A

If surveys or questionnaires were used, was the response rate > 25%?

Yes

No

N/A

Were the results presented clearly?

Yes

No


If tables were presented, was the narrative consistent with the table content?

Yes

No

N/A

Were study limitations identified and addressed?

Yes

No


Were conclusions based on results?

Yes

No


Complete the Quality Rating for QuaNtitative Studies section

Appraisal of Systematic Review (With or Without Meta-Analysis)

Were the variables of interest clearly identified?

Yes

No

Was the search comprehensive and reproducible?
* Key search terms stated

Yes

No

* Multiple databases searched and identified

Yes

No

* Inclusion and exclusion criteria stated

Yes

No

Was there a flow diagram that included the number of studies eliminated at each level of review?

Yes

No

Were details of included studies presented (design, sample, methods, results, outcomes, strengths, and limitations)?

Yes

No

Were methods for appraising...