COVID-19 Research Evidence Table (Matrix)

B  Appendix A


Copy and paste the information from your evidence tables here—you only need 10 articles and we have placed 10 tables for you to use. There are hard page breaks so that each table begins on a new page.

Reference	Setting / Sample Size	Purpose of the study/Outcome Measures	Research Design / Level of Evidence/ Intervention / Theoretical Framework (if used)	Limitations/ Threats to validity/ Results
Benzell, S., Collis, A., & Nicolaides, C. (2020). Rationing Social Contact During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Transmission Risk and Social Benefits of US Locations. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/	Setting: The study used location data from an extensive sample of digital devices, government statistics, and national consumer preference surveys as evidence sources.   Sample: The study did not conduct any sampling, rather it selected thirty categories of study locations with the most comprehensive geo-location data.	Purpose: The aim of the study was to measure the relative transmission risk benefit and social cost of closing different location categories in America.     Outcome measures: There were no outcome measures since the focus of the study was determining which locations deserved strict regulation across twenty-six categories of locations and in terms of eight classifications of risk and importance.	Design: The study employed the quantitative research design.   Level of Evidence: Evidence Level III   Intervention: There was no intervention since the study was essentially comparing the relative transmission risk benefits of various location categories in the US.     Theoretical Framework: The study was founded on the health belief model for predicting health behaviors with regards to people’s perceptions and beliefs.	Limitations: The study was restricted to metro locations and failed to consider rural locations. Another limitation is its assumption of homogeneity in the type of people visiting a location         Threats to validity: The threats to internal validity include instrumentation, testing, experimental mortality, and regression.     Results: The study discovered that certain locations with disproportionate low importance for their spread risk (including cafes, gyms, liquor and tobacco stores, book stores, museums, and office supply stores) should be strictly regulated while locations with disproportionately high importance for their risk (including banks and financial institutions, grocery stores, auto dealers & repairs, places of worship, dentist offices, colleges, and department stores) should be moderately regulated and opened first when economies re-open.

 

Reference	Setting / Sample Size	Purpose of the study/Outcome Measures	Research Design / Level of Evidence/ Intervention / Theoretical Framework (if used)	Limitations/ Threats to validity/ Results
Han, E., Tan, M. M. J., Turk, E., Sridhar, D., Leung, G. M., Shibuya, K., Asgari, N., Oh, J., García-Basteiro, A. L., Hanefeld, J., Cook, A. R., Hsu, L. Y., Teo, Y. Y., Heymann, D., Clark, H., McKee, M., & Legido-Quigley, H. (2020). Lessons learnt from easing COVID-19 restrictions: an analysis of countries and regions in Asia Pacific and Europe. The Lancet, 396(10261). https://doi.org/	Setting: The health policy study uses an adapted framework to explore the strategies implemented by nine high-income nations in easing lockdowns while also considering various health, social, and economic concerns.     Sample: The study did not employ any sampling, rather it selected nine high-income countries whose policy responses to the Covid-19 epidemic were stellar when compared to other countries.	Purpose: The aim of the study was to facilitate cross-country learning in relation to easing Covid-19 restrictions.     Outcome measures: The study did not have any outcome measures although it determined that easing Covid-19 measures required continuous balancing between economic and health concerns by re-imposing measures whenever necessary.	Design: The study used the systemic review design.   Level of Evidence: Evidence level III   Intervention: There was no intervention since the study focused on evaluating the body of literature relating to the approaches used by the nine countries in easing Covid-19 regulations.     Theoretical Framework: The study was founded on the theoretical model relating to the epidemiology of infectious diseases.	Limitations: The study was limited by its small sample size. Only nine countries were investigated and so the findings are not generalizable to broader contexts.   Threats to validity: The threats to internal validity include interaction of threats, history, selection, testing, instrumentation, and regression.           Results: The study determined that countries should: reopen on the basis of epidemiology of Covid-19, not reopen until they have extensive systems to closely supervise infection rates, continue implementing measures to reduce new infections, as well as have a support system that can test and isolate infected patients.

 


 


 

Reference	Setting / Sample Size	Purpose of the study/Outcome Measures	Research Design / Level of Evidence/ Intervention / Theoretical Framework (if used)	Limitations/ Threats to validity/ Results
Halim, M. (2021). A Report on COVID-19 Variants, COVID-19 Vaccines and the Impact of the Variants on the Efficacy of the Vaccines. Journal of Clinical and Medical Research. https://doi.org/	Setting: The study conducted a systemic review of literature on Covid-19 strains, especially the mutation of the infection, along with the vaccines developed to combat the same.   Sample: The study did not use any sampling method, rather it focused on those studies that could provide useful insight on new Covid-19 variants and efforts in vaccine development.	Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the impact of various Covid-19 variants on the efficacy of different vaccines developed in combating the disease and improving the body’s immune response.   Outcome measures: There were no outcome measures although the study determined that various vaccines including AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Pfizer were very effective in controlling Covid-19 although the emergence of deadlier and resistant variants adversely impacted the efficacy of developed vaccines.	Design: The study used the systemic review design.   Level of Evidence: Evidence Level III   Intervention: The study did not apply any interventions since the focus of the review was to identify current literature on vaccine development and how the emergence of new Covid-19 variants has affected the efficacy of existing vaccines. .   Theoretical Framework: The study was founded on the theoretical model relating to vaccine resistance.	Limitations: The study was limited by the lack of universal laws against investigator bias in interpreting collected information.   Threats to validity: The threats to internal validity include instrumentation, history, selection, testing, and experimental mortality.     Results: The study discovered that owing to the rapid mutation of Covid-19, deadlier strains that were more resistant to existing vaccines threatened government efforts at curbing the epidemic.

 


 


 

Reference	Setting / Sample Size	Purpose of the study/Outcome Measures	Research Design / Level of Evidence/ Intervention / Theoretical Framework (if used)	Limitations/ Threats to validity/ Results
Lotfi, M., Hamblin, M. R., & Rezaei, N. (2020). COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 508, 254–266. https://doi.org/	Setting: The study conducted a systemic review of literature on current therapeutic opportunities, preventive strategies, and transmission methods of Covid-19.   Sample: The study did not conduct any sampling, rather it focused on existing literature relating to Covid-19 infection prevention, early viral detection, successful treatment protocols, and transmission routes.	Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the best approach to controlling the spread of Covid-19 by exploring current treatment and prevention methods as well as transmission routes of the disease.   Outcome measures: There were no outcome measures although the study determined that there is currently no specific treatment for Covid-19 and therefore public health measures are necessary until effective therapeutic treatments are discovered.	Design: The study used the systemic review design.   Level of Evidence: Evidence Level III   Intervention: The study did not apply any intervention since the study was focused on identifying specific treatments, particularly available vaccines and drugs, which could help in effectively managing the spread of Covid-19. .   Theoretical Framework: The study was founded on the theoretical model relating to vaccine resistance.	Limitations: The study was limited by the lack of universal laws against investigator bias in interpreting collected information.     Threats to validity: The threats to internal validity include instrumentation, testing, experimental mortality, and regression.   Results: The study determined that effective treatment methods for the novel and highly contagious Covid-19 virus are yet to be found and so preventive methods together with immunomodulatory diet, mental support, and adherence to safety standards are critical.

 


 


 

Reference	Setting / Sample Size	Purpose of the study/Outcome Measures	Research Design / Level of Evidence/ Intervention / Theoretical Framework (if used)	Limitations/ Threats to validity/ Results
Manning, M. L., Gerolamo, A. M., Marino, M. A., Hanson-Zalot, M. E., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccination readiness among nurse faculty and student nurses. Nursing Outlook. https://doi.org/	Setting: The study employed a cross-sectional online survey of nursing faculty and students in a university associated with an academic health center.   Sample: The study did not apply any sampling method, rather it focused on enrolled nursing students, full-time teaching faculty, together with adjunct clinical faculty at a university nursing college in the northeastern region of U.S.   Updated on January 26, 2024 Get the Whole Paper! Download for $372 Not exactly what you need? Do you need a custom essay? Order right now: Order 👀 Other Visitors are Viewing These APA Essay Samples: Literature Review Evaluation on Syphilis 3 pages/≈825 words | No Sources | APA | Health, Medicine, Nursing | Article Critique | Fatigue, Distress, and Quality of Life after Chemotherapy 6 pages/≈1650 words | No Sources | APA | Health, Medicine, Nursing | Article Critique | Mediyoga as an Alternative Management for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation 9 pages/≈2475 words | No Sources | APA | Health, Medicine, Nursing | Article Critique | © Essayzoo.org 2025 We are an established and reputable company, with over 10 years in the essay business. 517 3,901 738 1,173 208 Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Essays for Sale | Essay Rewriter | APA Generator Tool | Topic Generator | Text Summarizer | Thesis Statement Generator EssayZoo Sign In Forgot password? Not register? Register Now!