Bibliographies critique

Literature Review Data Extraction Form Clinical Question Of Inquiry: How Does Medication Non-Adherence Affect The Healthcare Of Adults Over 50? Author’s Name The Institutional Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor Name Assignment Due Date Article 1 Citation: Cortés, O. L., Herrera-Galindo, M., Villar, J. C., Rojas, Y. A., del Pilar Paipa, M., & Salazar, L. (2021). Frequency of repositioning for preventing pressure ulcers in patients hospitalized in ICU: protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Nursing, 20, 1-10. Authors: Olga L. Cortés , Mauricio Herrera-Galindo , Juan Carlos Villar , Yudi A. Rojas , María del Pilar Paipa and Luzdary Salaza Title: Frequency of repositioning for preventing pressure ulcers in patients hospitalized in ICU: protocol of a cluster randomized Controlled Trial Journal: BMC Nursing Year: 2021Volume: 20Issue: 2Pages:1-10 Type of Study: √ Quantitative  Qualitative  Mixed Method Location/setting:Colombia Multi-site (not applicable) Key Concepts Concepts: Critical care, Pressure ulcers, Bedsores, Nursing, Randomized, Clinical trial, Clusters Key Variables: Intervention/Independent Variable(s): patients hospitalized in ICU Dependent Variable(s): development of ulcers in the patients Controlled Variable(s): frequency of repositioning to prevent pressure ulcers Framework/Theory: high-frequency level repositioning intervention Quant. Design:√ Experimental  Quasi-experimental  Non-experimental Level of Evidence: Strong Specific Design: randomized control trial of parallel groups taken from two ICUs Blinding? √ None  Yes: Who? ____________________________________ Other methods of bias control: using a control group containing patients undergoing conventional care to compare the results of the experimental group Description of Intervention: the intervention involves implementing repositioning/ posture changing of patients hospitalized in ICU against a controlled group of patients receiving traditional care to understand the effect of the intervention in terms of the reduction hazard ratio included in the repositioning group. The higher frequency involves repositioning in the experimental group every 2 hours for 24 hours. Comparison group(s): a controlled group of ICU patients getting traditional care √ Cross-sectional  Longitudinal/prospective No. of data collection points: not applicable Rate of refusal/nonparticipation: not-applicable % Rate of attrition: not applicable % Qual. Tradition:  Grounded Theory  Phenomenology Ethnography Descriptive √ Other: randomization of the eligible ICUs of hospitals located in Columbia and allocation of the hospitalization to perform the intervention Methods to enhance trustworthiness: the inclusion of only hospitals that admit adults of 18 plus years in their ICUs and exclusion of intermediate care units from the study. The approval and involvement of all management and staff is another means to enhance the study's trustworthiness. Population:3,300 patients hospitalized in ICUs Sample:Size: twenty-two ICUs with 150 patients in each Power analysis? Not applicable Sampling method: selection of ICUs based on the inclusion criteria of hospitals providing intensive care to adults over 18 years of age and exclusion of all intermediate care units. Sample characteristics: patients hospitalized in ICUs for various healthcare issues Data Sources:Type:  Self-report √ Observational  Bio physiologic Other: Online database search Description of measures: the data will be extracted from the observation and tabulated separately for experimental and control groups. Data Quality: the data obtained from the observation of patients before and after the repositioning is of standard quality since it contains other measures, including demographics, health history, health status in ICU, complications in ICU, pressure ulcers and location, repositioning complications and reason of ICU discharge of all patients. Statistical Tests:The Cox model is used to derive the hazard ratio; the use of adjusted analysis by co-variables Findings/ThemesThe study aims to find the relationship between high-frequency repositioning of ICU patients and the development of ulcers. For this purpose, this study identifies the theme of the occurrence of pressure ulcers in terms of their numbers per patient and stage of development. This study also aims to identify the risk factors associated with developing pressure ulcers and complications associated with repositioning. Effect Sizes:Since this study includes 22 ICUs across various locations in Columbia, the findings of this study will be effective for a large proportion of the population located within Columbia Conclusions:The findings of this study will provide sufficient information related to the effects of implementing higher frequency repositioning intervention on the rate of occurrence of pressure ulcers in ICU patients. This study will also provide sufficient information about the complications associated with applying the repositioning intervention. Strengths:This study is a way to ascertain how frequent and systematic repositioning of ICU patients may prevent the occurrence of devastating pressure ulcers in ICU patients. In this way, this study aims to provide valuable output on addressing the development of pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Weaknesses: One of the weaknesses of this study is that it has yet to be officially conducted; therefore, no concrete inference can be made regarding the proposed claim of this study. Moreover, this study uses protocols shaped according to the SPIRIT guidelines/methodology, mak...