Intercultural Communication in Language Teaching

CULTURE IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
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Annotated Bibliography
Kovács, G., 2017. Culture in language teaching. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 9(3), pp.73-86. Available at: [Accessed 5 November 2021].
When language is processed lacking the presence of a genuine communication partner, the situation is in direct opposition to the goal of language, which is to express intention and coordinate behavior among people (Kovacs 2017). Humans are distinguished from other non-human creatures by their ability to communicate. The relationship amongst language and the human understanding has long piqued researchers' interest. Although this issue can be addressed in brain lesion patients from a neurophysiological or neurological standpoint, the human brain requires non-invasive imaging..
Language, can be written or spoken, and they are important in verbal communication (Jackson 2012). Verbal communication refers to how individuals interact using words, while non-verbal communication refers to how people interact intuitively, including body gestures and body language. (Lee et al. 2015). Verbal communication that uses words as a vehicle for communication is referred to as verbal communication. Individuals use vocal sounds to convey information during verbal communication (Fussell 2002). The speaker creates the noises, and the listener perceives them, both of which involve a wide range of brain regions (Skelton et al. 2001). Humans are typically divided into various sorts of interpersonal connections.
In the human body speech organs are vital and useful for verbal communication because they produce the sound received by ears on the opposite side (Angelelli 2004). In other terms, it is human speech or noises that are spoken. Neurocognitive processes play a crucial role in interpersonal, verbal communication and are linked to various INS patterns (Angelelli 2004). These activities regulate each other bi-directionally at different levels. Furthermore, collective representation, and social analytical coding at each level, may coexist and collaborate to promote successful interpersonal, verbal communication. Connections can be intrinsic kinships, such as parent-child and sibling interactions, or up-and-coming relationships, such friendship and romantic relationships (Sharifian & Jamarani, 2013). Previous research has shown that interpersonal relationships are more likely to form when members behave together or in concert with one another.
Fabian, M.P., 2019. Interdisciplinary approach to cross-language and cross-cultural communication studies.
Cultures give people new ways of thinking about the world and seeing, hearing, and interpreting it. Furthermore, even when people speak the same language, same words might imply various things to people from different cultures. The Council of Europe's language policy and planning are a big experiment in cross-cultural communication (Fabian 2019). It is challenging to communicate effectively with people from various cultures. Misunderstandings are more likely when the languages are different, and translation is required to communicate (Jackson 2019). The world view is shaped by the cultural milieu for reality is believed to be empirically seen through social patterns.
People who identify and comprehend world views that differ from their own are more likely to have a favorable and open-minded attitude about cross-cultural diversity. A narrow perspective on such distinctions frequently leads to perpetuating a stereotype - an oversimplification and blanket assumption (Fabian 2019). Individuals are assigned group traits solely based on their cultural membership in a stereotype. The stereotype may properly portray a typical member of society. Nonetheless, it is incorrect to generalize a person merely because they are different and all of their personality patterns are unpredictable.
Learning and teaching a foreign language entails some level of cultural awareness, and it is critical to grasp what cultural learning means (Samovar et al. 2014). Many people studying a foreign language have little or no knowledge of the people's social values and practices. Culture learning is the process of cultural representatives developing shared meaning (Scollon et al. 2011). It is an actual process that occurs over years of learning a language and permeates one's thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Furthermore, acquiring a second language necessitates the creation of a new identity (Sharifian & Jamaran 2013). Culture knowledge is all about forming a new identity. Culture refers to a shared history, practices, beliefs, attitudes, and values emerging from a similar language and communication style.
Kim, D., 2020. Learning Language, Learning Culture: Teaching Language to the Whole Student - Deoksoon Kim, 2020. [online] SAGE Journals. Available at: [Accessed 5 November 2021].
Language learners must acquire both linguistic and cultural styles to negotiate their demands in intercultural communication effectively (Kim 2020). In low-context communication, most meaning is conveyed by the explicit spoken code. In contrast, in high-context communication, the bulk of the information is either conveyed through the physical context or absorbed by the recipient, with very little information offered (Fussell 2002). Understanding communication styles allows people to change the interpretative frameworks they use to evaluate culturally diverse others, which is an essential step toward better understanding themselves and others (Kim 2020). The way people communicate with others, both verbally and nonverbally, is their communication style. The meta-message controls how listeners hear and interpret vocal communications and integrate both language and nonverbal signs (Jackson 2019).
Differences in communication methods, such as direct and indirect communication, which reveals or conceals the speaker's simple objectives, can further explain the contrast between high and low-context communication. Communication that is both self-enhancing and self-effacing accentuates or deemphasizes good elements of the self (SAMOA 2005). Rich expressions of effective use of quiet, pauses, and understatements characterize elaborating and understated communication. Intercultural communication can be complicated by style differences, leading to miscommunication, distrust, and conflict (Jones & Quach 2007). The efficacy of verbal language is influenced by the presenter's tone, sharpness of voice, intensity, pace, body posture, and the clarity of the words used throughout the conversation. In the case of verbal communication, the response is immediate because the sender and recipient are both relaying the message simultaneously.
Steinfatt, T.M. and Millette, D.M., 2019. Intercultural communication. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 307-320). Routledge.
In any civilization or culture, the study of intercultural communication is essential. The United States is seeing the most significant period of immigration in its history. Although the relative population gain attributable to immigration was more potent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the actual number of legal immigrants entering the United States since 1980 has been more extensive than in any prior decade in history (Steinfatt & Millette 2019). When illegal immigration is taken into account, the current time of immigration in America is unprecedented in its history, resulting in a society whose cultural heritage is shifting and, as a result, its communication is shifting as well. Pike formed his etic and emic distinction from phonetic and phonemic terms, borrowing terminology from descriptive linguistics. Pike pointed out that phonetics explores sound and symbol creation as witnessed by others outside the person being investigated, whereas phonemics examines meaning found within the person (Steinfatt & Millette 2019). As a result, emic techniques focus on a single culture, frequently through the eyes of a person who thinks, communicates, and behaves in that culture. Etic methods to intercultural communication look at civilizations from the outside to find commonalities.
The study of communication between two or more cultures or ethnicities is known as cross-cultural communication (Maude 2011). Cross-cultural communication includes studies of linguistic relativity and ethnography. Scholars that are interested in multicultural education and cultural diversity usually study both cross-cultural and intercultural communication (Arasaratnam & Doerfel 2005). Many studies on cross-cultural communication emphasize the comparison, focusing on one ostensibly strange culture nearly to the exclusion of the presumed familiar culture (Maude 2011). When this happens, the cross-cultural study becomes more of a uni-cultural study compared to the viewer's culture. The classic definition of ethnography is the branch of anthropology concerned with the scientific description of unique human cultures, including fieldwork and writing (SAMOA 2005). Ethnography is defined as the methodical description of a single extant culture that is visible in the present. The goal of ethnography is to describe a culture to understand the native's point of view.
Spathis, E., 2020. 4 Ways to Incorporate Culture in World Language Instruction. [online] Edutopia. Available at: [Accessed 5 November 2021].
Language and culture are combined in effective world language training. After all, we language teachers seek to provide our pupils with not only the language skills they need to interact, but also to pique their interest in the world and foster global intercultural understanding competence (Spathis 2020). People of different ethnicities and origins work together in the workplace, as is commonly known. This idea emphasizes the significance of preventing an anticipated clash between their beliefs and their conduct. Most people require cross-cultural contact throughout their working hours. Cross-cultural communication is expected to solve these problems and boost employee ...